On March 11, Huang Runqiu, Minister of the Ministry of ecological environment, and his party went to Tangshan city to inspect the implementation of emergency emission reduction measures for heavy pollution weather of iron and steel enterprises. It was found that some iron and steel enterprises did not implement corresponding emission reduction requirements, and there were problems such as falsification of production records. The enterprises and personnel involved in the case had been taken measures according to law. The Tangshan environmental protection incident has once again aroused great attention to the prevention and control of air pollution in the iron and steel industry.
The implementation of ultra-low emission transformation in the iron and steel industry is an important measure to prevent and control air pollution and win the blue sky battle.
It has been three years since the ultra-low emission transformation of the iron and steel industry was first proposed in 2018. How is the ultra-low emission transformation of the iron and steel industry going in the past three years? What puzzles do enterprises encounter in the process of ultra-low emission transformation? For this reason, the reporter of China Metallurgical daily interviewed relevant government departments, enterprise leaders and industry experts with relevant questions, and explained the relevant questions.
Cost doubt: loss or gain?
There is a view that the implementation of ultra-low emission transformation in iron and steel enterprises needs to invest money to comprehensively upgrade the existing flue gas desulfurization and dust removal facilities, increase denitration facilities, and the new pollution control facilities will correspondingly increase part of the daily operation cost. From the perspective of iron and steel enterprise operation, is the implementation of ultra-low emission transformation a loss or a profit?
Shougang Qiangang, a subsidiary of Shougang Group, is the first enterprise in the whole industry to pass the assessment and monitoring of ultra-low emission transformation in the whole process. It is reported that in January and October last year, Shougang Qiangang and Shougang Jingtang respectively publicized the ultra-low emission transformation on the official website of China Iron and Steel Industry Association, and became the only two iron and steel enterprises with environmental performance rating of a in Tangshan. Liu Jianhui, Secretary of the Party committee and general manager of Shougang Co., Ltd., told China Metallurgical Daily: "since the implementation of the differentiated environmental protection management policy, the biggest preferential policy we have enjoyed is not to stop production or limit production during heavy pollution weather, which makes our production stable, the product supply meets customer demand, and improves the comprehensive competitiveness of Shougang products. At the same time, after the realization of ultra-low emissions, more than 10 million yuan of environmental taxes can be reduced or exempted each year. "
After the Tangshan environmental protection incident, Tangshan City issued the "production restriction order" on March 19, making it clear that except for the two enterprises that have met the requirements of ultra-low emission transformation and achieved A-level environmental protection performance, Tangshan Iron and steel enterprises all implemented production restriction and emission reduction measures. According to the rough estimate of the reporter of China Metallurgical daily, according to the average profit of 270 yuan per ton of steel of the whole industry in February this year, for a 10 million ton iron and steel enterprise, according to the 50% production restriction ratio, the daily loss caused by production restriction alone is as high as more than 3.7 million yuan. For enterprises with A-level environmental performance rating, reducing this part of the loss is the real "bonus".
"We will never allow enterprises with low environmental protection level and low investment to compete with enterprises with high environmental protection level and large investment in the same environment." Liu Bingjiang, director of the atmospheric environment department of the Ministry of ecological environment, once said publicly that the steel industry has great potential for ultra-low emission transformation, and the supervision should not "worry" the enterprises with excellent environmental performance, but make them more "excellent".
From the perspective of the operation of the whole industry, Wu Xianfeng, deputy director of the atmospheric Department of the Ministry of ecological environment, told China Metallurgical news that during the 13th Five Year Plan period, the profits of the iron and steel industry have greatly improved. The environmental protection workers subjectively do not want to affect the development of the iron and steel industry, and objectively show that environmental protection has not affected the development of the iron and steel industry. From the perspective of the industry as a whole, since 2015, the iron and steel industry has carried out a wide range of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal transformation, and since the issuance of the ultra-low emission document in 2019, it has carried out flue gas denitration treatment, unorganized emission treatment and clean transportation transformation. While the pollutant emission of the iron and steel industry has decreased significantly, the crude steel output has increased by 32%, and the profit per ton of steel has changed from net loss in 2015 to net profit of 260 yuan The highest is more than 500 yuan.
From the perspective of specific enterprises, we have learned that for enterprises with complete treatment facilities and standardized environmental management, the increased investment and operation cost of ultra-low emission transformation is limited. "However, for enterprises with backward production technology and equipment and serious lack of pollution control facilities, to achieve ultra-low emissions, a large number of historical debts need to be made up, which will inevitably increase the cost substantially. Taking the relocation of Shougang as an example, the new operating cost is about 30 yuan per ton of steel, but at the same time, the loss of production suspension and restriction is reduced, the environmental protection tax is reduced, and the differentiated electricity price policy is enjoyed. This increase and decrease is very clear. " Wu Xianfeng said.
A few days ago, Jiangsu Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Department of ecological environment issued the "notice on the implementation of ultra-low emission differentiated electricity price for iron and steel enterprises", which specifies the implementation of differentiated electricity price for the production power consumption of iron and steel enterprises that have not completed the ultra-low emission transformation. The policy will be implemented from March 1. "According to the differential electricity price policy issued by Jiangsu Province, after the enterprises complete the ultra-low emission assessment and monitoring publicity, they can pay 1.8 points less for each kilowatt hour of electricity. According to 500 kilowatt hours of electricity per ton of steel, they can save 9 yuan per ton of steel." Yan Gang, vice president of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of ecological environment, said.
According to the reporter of China Metallurgical news, in addition to Jiangsu Province, Hebei, Shandong and Henan have also taken the ultra-low emission of iron and steel enterprises as an important basis for differential electricity price, and introduced measures for differential electricity price. It is reported that relevant ministries and commissions are also studying the introduction of incentive policies.
Industry insiders pointed out that in the short term, the ultra-low emission transformation of iron and steel enterprises will increase investment and operating costs, but in the medium and long term, the implementation of this policy will form a long-term support for enterprise profitability.
Wu Xianfeng said that in the next step, in the process of implementing the ultra-low emission transformation of iron and steel, local governments should obey the quality in time, steadily promote the ultra-low emission transformation of iron and steel in strict accordance with the requirements of relevant documents, and implement the differentiated environmental protection policies such as differentiated electricity price and water price, production suspension and restriction during the heavy pollution response period, reduction and exemption of treatment facilities purchase tax, and reduction and exemption of environmental protection tax, so as to truly support the best and eliminate the worst Poor, so that the realization of ultra-low emissions of iron and steel enterprises really enjoy the policy dividend.
It is reported that more than 620 million tons of steel production capacity in the whole industry is undergoing ultra-low emission transformation. Under the leadership of Shougang Qiangang, Shougang Jingtang, TISCO, Shandong Rizhao and other benchmarking enterprises, more and more enterprises make up for their shortcomings through ultra-low emission assessment and monitoring to achieve high-quality ultra-low emission. At present, some iron and steel enterprises have successively publicized the ultra-low emission transformation, assessment and monitoring results on the website of China Iron and Steel Industry Association.
The puzzle of carbon emission: increase or decrease?
Some people think that in the process of ultra-low emission transformation, due to the transformation or addition of pollution control facilities such as flue gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification, the energy consumption of the iron and steel industry will be greatly increased, so as to increase the carbon emission of the iron and steel industry and affect the realization of the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.
Li Xinchuang, Secretary of the Party committee and chief engineer of the Institute of metallurgical industry planning and research, and a foreign academician of the Russian Academy of natural sciences, believes that ultra-low emissions will not necessarily lead to a substantial increase in carbon emissions for legal and compliant iron and steel enterprises with complete waste gas treatment facilities. According to their calculation, after the implementation of ultra-low emission transformation in iron and steel enterprises, the direct increase in carbon emissions is about 40kg / T steel, accounting for 2% of the total carbon emissions of iron and steel enterprises.
However, Li Xinchuang believes that it is very one-sided to regard the ultra-low emission of steel as a simple end treatment. The ultra-low emission of steel is a green revolution of the whole process, the whole cycle, the whole process and the whole coverage. The impact of ultra-low emissions on carbon emissions of iron and steel enterprises must be comprehensively analyzed in combination with the relevant requirements of ultra-low emissions.
From the point of view of emission reduction at the source, the implementation of mechanized transformation of storage and transportation facilities to replace the automobile transportation and non road mobile machinery operation in the plant can reduce the consumption of diesel oil by about 2L / T ~ 5L / T steel; the implementation of sintering machine head flue gas circulation can reduce the consumption of solid fuel by about 1kg / T ~ 3kg / T ore, and reduce the power consumption by about 3kwh / T; the implementation of pressure equalizing gas recovery transformation of blast furnace top charging tank can reduce the emission of blast furnace gas by about 5m The total carbon emission can be reduced by 11kg / T ~ 19kg / T steel. In addition, the implementation of fine desulfurization of blast furnace gas can not only avoid the increase of energy consumption caused by supporting terminal treatment facilities for a large number of gas users, but also lay the foundation for the separation and capture of carbon dioxide from blast furnace gas in the next step.
From the perspective of unorganized emission control, strengthening the sealing and airtight of dust producing points can reduce the invalid waste of dust collection system; emphasizing the synchronous operation of treatment facilities and production facilities can reduce the invalid operation and energy waste of treatment facilities. After the implementation of ultra-low emission transformation in Shougang Qiangang, the operation energy consumption of treatment facilities has been reduced by 12%. According to the calculation of power consumption of dedusting system in iron and steel enterprises of about 150kwh / T steel, the carbon emission can be reduced by about 11kg / T steel.
From the perspective of clean transportation requirements, the external transportation volume of iron and steel enterprises is 4 ~ 5 times of the output of crude steel, and the average distance of road transportation is about 350 km. It is preliminarily estimated that after the implementation of clean transportation transformation, the carbon emission can be reduced by about 8 kg / T ~ 13 kg / T steel.
The total reduction of carbon emissions from the above three aspects is about 30kg / T ~ 43kg / T steel, which can basically offset the increased carbon emissions from the end treatment of ultra-low emission transformation.
"We must actively promote the transformation of ultra-low emissions, which can and must be done at present. Low carbon development needs time. Doing a good job in the transformation of ultra-low emissions is an important embodiment of dealing with the relationship between development and emission reduction, between the whole and the part, and between the short-term and the long-term." Li Xinchuang said.
At present, the iron and steel industry is carrying out an unprecedented large-scale pollution control represented by ultra-low emission transformation, which has set off a green revolution in the whole industry. However, in the comprehensive investigation of Tangshan Iron and steel enterprises one by one by four joint inspection teams established in Tangshan City, no relevant problems have been found in the iron and steel enterprises that have passed the ultra-low emission transformation. This also fully shows the necessity of implementing ultra-low emission transformation in iron and steel enterprises, and highlights the "gold content" of ultra-low emission transformation in iron and steel enterprises.
